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CONNECT The magazine of Kellogg College | 2022CONTENTS We’re committed to making as little impact on the environment as possible. That’s why this magazine has been printed on FSC certified papers using vegetable inks by a company that holds ISO14001 certification and has carbon offset the paper used in this publication. If you have received this magazine via post but would rather, in future, receive an electronic copy, please email: alumni@kellogg.ox.ac.uk Designed by juicy-designs.com5 Welcome From the President 34 Kellogg Conversations Illuminating discussions to celebrate 30 years of Kellogg 19 Alumni profile Manjiri Gokhale 6 Kellogg at COP26 Playing our part in the push to net zero 36 Profile: Jason King Meet Kellogg’s Head of Facilities Management 20 Black women at Oxford The untold history 10 Enabling sustainable cities GCHU’s Commission on Creating Healthy Cities 38 Reading list Discover new books written by our Fellows 24 Sustaining a home for the future Introducing the Vincent Strudwick Society 16 The Archbishop, the Prince and the Fellowship Celebrating the memory of Desmond Tutu 28 Project Enigma Rebuilding the German cypher machine 32 Navenio: building better health tech Helping hospitals work more intelligently5 CONNECT MAGAZINE Our College champions lifelong learning. For those who weren’t able to study for a Master’s or doctoral degree in their 20s, it’s never too late to learn. While the Covid-19 pandemic caused terrible problems, we ensured our students remained engaged. And College members created opportunity out of adversity. The cover photo of this year’s edition of the magazine shows our Fellow Dr Reuben Binns demonstrating the workings of the Enigma machine during our annual Bletchley Park Week. As his article in this issue describes, this was the Enigma machine that Reuben had constructed at home during lockdown. Our Bletchley Park Week also welcomed teachers and pupils from East Oxford Primary School to see one of the original Enigma machines demonstrated, on loan from Bletchley Park in our College Hub. The school reported the visit had been transformative for their pupils. We followed up by creating a link with the school, to support them and their community, and we look forward to engaging with them further. The positive impact our College has across the University, in the community, and globally continues to advance at a remarkable rate, despite the pandemic. Indeed, one of the last activities before the first lockdown was to hear HRH The Prince of Wales say what an honour it was to have been made a Fellow, and how important he regarded the work of our Global Centre on Healthcare and Urbanisation. Following that visit, we launched our Commission on Creating Healthy Cities, in partnership with The Prince’s Foundation. This was generously funded by the McCall MacBain Foundation, Dr Ralph Walter, and Halley Liu, with Lord Best as Chair. We are immensely grateful to them all. The Commission’s Report and recommendations will undoubtedly have an importantly positive impact. We will make it so. While our Fellows have been winning awards, spinning out companies, and even recreating the Enigma machine during lockdown, behind the scenes we have continued to advance our plans to expand and develop the College grounds and gardens, acquiring additional villas, and building additional student accommodation and state of the art facilities. From adversity to opportunity, from setbacks to success. Professor Jonathan Michie President, Kellogg College Welcome From adversity to success – creating opportunities and making an impactCOP26 (AKA the 26th Conference of Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) was a vast event lasting two weeks and encompassing a number of interconnected sub-conferences. The conference included official multilateral negotiations; presentations on myriad climate topics by academics, professionals, and representatives from communities; protests and demonstrations, both within and outside the conference centre; artistic performances; and much more. Despite severe Covid-19 travel limitations and on-site restrictions this year, COP26 in Glasgow probably had the highest attendance of any previous COP, with nearly 40,000 people registered as participants. Among those tens of thousands were several Kellogg members – including two of our distinguished Bynum Tudor Fellows: Lord Bilimoria in his role as President of the CBI, and His Royal Highness, The Prince of Wales, supporting the Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero, encouraging banks and other financiers to pledge to use their power to push those they fund towards net zero. Prince Charles spoke at the opening ceremony, concluding with this ringing call to action: “The cost of inaction is far greater than the cost of prevention. So, I can only urge you, as the world’s decision-makers, to find practical ways of overcoming differences so we can all get down to work, together, to rescue this precious planet and save the threatened future of our young people.” Identifying and constructing those practical ways forward that HRH Prince of Wales refers to takes hard, detailed, tireless work. Among those taking part in this work are two Kellogg alumni and two Kellogg Fellows. Here they share their impressions of COP26. Dr Katherine Maxwell, Visiting Fellow I attended COP26 wearing three hats – as Visiting Fellow at the Global Centre on Healthcare and Urbanisation (GCHU) at Kellogg College, as a COP26 Climate Resilience Fellow at Cambridge ZERO, and as a Net Zero Associate at WSP where I lead the cities team. Decisions made at the climate conference influence each of my roles, as cities are at the heart of the net zero transition and COP26 was an opportunity to secure global commitments on urban climate action this decade. I work with cities around the world to design and implement ambitious, evidence-based net zero strategies. Cities have a significant role to play in the net zero transition, given they are home to most of the global population and are nodes for economic, social, and political activity. As nations commit to more ambitious climate targets and enhanced resilience within urban areas, there are ramifications at the city level where these ambitions are often realised. It’s therefore critical that I’m aware of these changing commitments, to communicate with the cities I am advising as well as the academics and practitioners with whom I collaborate. What was the result of COP26 for cities? Firstly, countries’ carbon reduction targets Kellogg at Among the tens of thousands of people attending the COP26 climate conference were a number of Kellogg members, each playing their own part in the push to net zero. Here four share their experiences, lessons learnt and what they take away with them from the conference. COP26 6 CONNECT MAGAZINEweren’t changed. This means that cities are not legally obliged to go beyond national government carbon reduction commitments. Secondly, over 40 countries have agreed to ‘phase down’ fossil fuel use, which is a significant milestone as it’s the first time fossil fuels have been explicitly mentioned. In many cases, this gives cities the mandate to justify investments in alternative low carbon energy. Thirdly, climate finance is required to enhance urban resilience and reduce carbon emissions – and although there was no additional finance provided at COP26, nations have committed to $100 billion by 2025. So, cities will have to explore different funding sources, mechanisms, and approaches to realise their climate ambitions. Working directly with cities today, it is interesting to note that many of them are going beyond national carbon reduction commitments and aiming for net zero by 2030 or 2040. We are seeing ambitious urban policies, programmes, and projects being implemented across the globe. Although some national government progress was made at COP26 with the Glasgow Climate Pact, in many cases addressing the climate crisis rests with the cities that are already delivering climate action and reaching net zero targets ahead of the curve. Local governments can be nimbler and can respond much faster to climate change than national government; let’s hope that COP27 stretches the Nationally Determined Contributions to give more cities the impetus to deliver change on the ground. Dr Ana Nacvalovaite, Kellogg alumna and Research Fellow MSt in International Human Rights Law (2011), DPhil on Regulation of Sovereign Wealth Funds (2018). Wednesday 3 November was ‘Finance Day’ at COP26, a day when government and private sector representatives engaged on building sound foundations with the financial sector to achieve global climate goals. I am heavily involved in sustainable finance in my work, serving as an expert advisor on the BSI (British Standards Institution) Committee of Experts on Sustainable Finance. I am also a member of the working group of ISO TC322, ‘Sustainable Finance Framework’, and I have participated in drafting and reviewing International Standards on Green Instruments. At COP26 I participated in the BSI panel discussion on ‘How Standards for Sustainable Finance can Help Integrate Net Zero and ESG (Environmental Social Governance) Considerations into Investment Decisions’ with Ivan McKee, MSP, Minister for Business, Trade, Tourism, and Enterprise. The discussions highlighted the importance of a just transition and the need for sustainable finance to support the ‘S’ – social – in ESG. My overriding impression was that the world of finance is understanding and keen to guide the way for investment businesses, and ensuring that environmental agenda is a top priority. 7 CONNECT MAGAZINE8 CONNECT MAGAZINE The will is there, but the complexities of standardising regulation are significant and ensuring that everyone works together is paramount. However, the day drove significant progress on engagement of all stakeholders in ESG and SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals), although standardising regulation is still challenging, there is clear understanding for the need to do so. Governments, private sector, and academic community are all hoping to see positive and imminent changes coming out from standing united on finding solutions that are global, inclusive, and manageable. From April 2022 I have been a Research Fellow working with Professor Jonathan Michie on a three-year research project in Kellogg’s Centre for Mutual & Co-owned Business, investigating whether sovereign wealth funds might focus investments globally on local co-operatives as a way of enhancing social and environmental sustainability. We hope to identify ways in which this would enable these huge funds to be used actively to pursue Sustainable Development Goals, including SDG 13 to ‘Take action to combat climate change and its impacts’. Melissa Tier, Kellogg alumna MSc in Sustainable Urban Development (2020) Attending a COP can be an overwhelming but also fulfilling experience. I attended COP26 in two capacities. First, I chaperoned two undergraduate students from Swarthmore College, a liberal arts college located near Philadelphia, US, where I previously worked as an Office of Sustainability staff member. These students have focused their studies on climate policy, environmental justice, and related topics. I was grateful to attend COP26 with these two incredibly bright and passionate students who were representing South American and US island territory communities. Second, I was also in attendance as a student myself. I am currently a second year PhD candidate at Princeton University’s School of Public & International Affairs, where I focus my research on climate adaptation policy. I track, assess, and develop such policy from a US perspective – at the federal level, in the urban Mid-Atlantic region of the country where I have lived my whole life, and in terms of US interaction on the global stage. I refer to this work as ‘multi-level climate governance’, and I began exploring it when I was a part-time, distance-learning MSc student at Kellogg studying Sustainable Urban Development. At COP26 what had the greatest impact on me was observing the difference – at least among US delegates – in this first COP of the Biden Administration. I was thrilled, for example, to see that the sub- national network of cities, tribal nations, businesses, universities, and others that had come together during the Trump Administration years was being honoured by the new federal team and incorporated into nascent policy developments. As part of these more multi-level conversations, I also observed far more discussion Kellogg at COP269 CONNECT MAGAZINE throughout the COP about climate adaptation and similar concepts than ever before – an area which I see as a critical addition to necessary, ongoing mitigation efforts. Ending with a note of both caution and hope, it is important to recognise what COPs are for and how they are limited. At their core, COPs are negotiating sessions among official country delegates – and the agendas for these negotiations are always extremely technocratic and rather slow- moving. These agenda items are actually quite important, but the contrast between their minutiae and the monumental scale of the climate crisis can feel disheartening. COPs are also places where global inequities play out on a condensed scale – where access and power influence the negotiation outcomes. But COPs can also offer radical, invigorating, and restorative convening spaces, often beyond the official negotiation sessions. And for that I am grateful. Dr James Dixon, Junior Research Fellow As a Junior Research Fellow at Kellogg, I work as a transport-energy systems researcher on Climate Compatible Growth (CCG) – a large research programme on unlocking climate-compatible economic growth pathways for countries in the Global South, sponsored by the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO). My research looks at the challenges and opportunities of integrating sustainable transport systems with high-renewables electricity systems in accelerating transport-energy decarbonisation pathways in different contexts around the world. I’m leading a collaboration between the CCG programme and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in a series of working papers on the effective integration of e-mobility (electric cars, buses, motorcycles, bikes, and three-wheelers) and clean electricity production in South East Asia. The first working paper, which highlights the ‘win- win’ solutions available in decarbonising transport and electricity supplies whilst improving access to energy and mobility, was launched as part of our series of CCG side events at COP26 in Glasgow. We were delighted to see that these events attracted a series of high-profile attendees including senior economists, transport specialists and policymakers from energy ministries across the world. Following the positive reception at COP26, we’re focussing on practical next steps in creating enabling environments for e-mobility and renewable energy integration, looking at Laos as a case study. We’re working with staff from the ADB and the UN Environment Programme, and researchers at the National University of Laos. Stay tuned at climatecompatiblegrowth.com Next >